惡意事件描述
深信服深盾終端實(shí)驗(yàn)室在近期的運(yùn)營工作中，捕獲了的Magniber勒索家族的最新變種，此次捕獲的樣本通過MSI進(jìn)行傳播，同時(shí)使用微軟的漏洞CVE-2023-24880（注：3月14日官方已發(fā)布補(bǔ)?。﹣砝@過 SmartScreen從受感染的網(wǎng)站下載和安裝Magniber勒索軟件，CVE-2023-24880漏洞由CVE-2022-44698漏洞未完全修復(fù)引起的。
CVE-2023-24880 利用了Windows SmartScreen 安全功能的繞過。SmartScreen是Windows版本 10 和 11中的一項(xiàng)安全功能，主要用于檢測和阻止網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚和惡意軟件的下載和安裝。繞過該功能即代表允許攻擊者在沒有任何安全警告的情況下下載Magniber勒索軟件。
該漏洞已在今年3月15日進(jìn)行及時(shí)響應(yīng)，相關(guān)鏈接如下所示：
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/f4uA3Loc2ooG_1_tcvxnUA
在所有的勒索家族中，Magniber絕對是最獨(dú)樹一幟的存在，樣本本身使用了大量的混淆、解碼，通過采用新的混淆技術(shù)和規(guī)避方法不斷更新其策略，極度干擾研究人員的分析工作。其次使用漏洞，Magniber Ransomware 近年來一直通過 IE (Internet Explorer) 漏洞傳播，但自 IE 停止支持后，Magniber Ransomware 在 Microsoft Edge 和 Google Chrome 瀏覽器中以 Windows 安裝包文件 (.msi) 的形式分發(fā)。
樣本啟動(dòng)后，會(huì)加密系統(tǒng)中的部分文件，并釋放勒索信以誘使受害者通過勒索信中的聯(lián)系方式與攻擊者進(jìn)行溝通及繳納贖金，其中被加密文件添加擴(kuò)展“mhkgchqs”，勒索信文件名為“README.html”，勒索信中并未表明贖金金額及支付方式。
MSI文件分析
攻擊者正在使用無效但自制的驗(yàn)證碼簽名的 MSI 文件。格式錯(cuò)誤的簽名會(huì)導(dǎo)致 SmartScreen 返回錯(cuò)誤，當(dāng)不受信任的文件包含 Web 標(biāo)記 （MotW） 時(shí)，該錯(cuò)誤會(huì)導(dǎo)致不會(huì)向用戶顯示安全警告對話框，實(shí)則已經(jīng)從 Internet 下載了潛在的惡意文件。
使用Orca打開MSI文件查看表的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容。發(fā)現(xiàn)MSI會(huì)調(diào)用CustomAction屬性執(zhí)行MSI內(nèi)嵌DLL的導(dǎo)出函數(shù)j6tow27o。
SetProgramFilesFolder：將該程序的文件夾設(shè)置為LocalAppData目錄，即“C:\Users\用戶名\AppData\Local”。
Ucjvnpaclba：獲取二進(jìn)制文件ilzwngaiyktz，type為65表示該文件為dll類型，Target表示導(dǎo)出函數(shù)為j6tow27o。
Windows系統(tǒng)版本判斷
查看Windows系統(tǒng)版本，只針對Windows10、Windows11、Windows Server 2022系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行加密
該代碼通過XOR解碼過程遍歷循環(huán)語句 (do-while)，并將勒索軟件shllcode注入當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的白進(jìn)程中。
該病毒會(huì)釋放DLL格式的文件，該文件導(dǎo)入表、執(zhí)行主體在DLL主函數(shù)中，釋放shellcode到內(nèi)存并執(zhí)行，無文件加載能夠降低自身被內(nèi)存代碼檢測引擎發(fā)現(xiàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)Magniber并不直接通過調(diào)用API實(shí)現(xiàn)相應(yīng)功能，而是模擬相應(yīng)API在ntdll中的行為，傳入?yún)?shù)，然后指定syscall ID，直接調(diào)用syscall，同樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn)直接調(diào)用系統(tǒng)API的作用。
反調(diào)試
Magniber 使用 NtDelayExecution 以隨機(jī)間隔休眠以逃避分析。隨機(jī)休眠間隔可能會(huì)阻止沙盒或防病毒檢測成功。
持久化
在HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run 注冊表中添加一個(gè)鍵值，其中ouPBdEoNXxUS.3fr文件為密鑰文件
繞過UAC
在注冊表中寫入下載Magniber勒索軟件的命令
上述寫入注冊表的內(nèi)容能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)重新啟動(dòng)時(shí)，注冊到 Run 鍵的 .3fr 文件擴(kuò)展名與指定同時(shí)激活的注冊表一起執(zhí)行，導(dǎo)致每次系統(tǒng)重新啟動(dòng)時(shí)都會(huì)下載Magniber勒索軟件并實(shí)施加密活動(dòng)。
高級遠(yuǎn)程線程注入
blackbox.dll可用于繞過軟件安全措施,一般用于注入惡意代碼或執(zhí)行其他非法操作。fwcwsp.dll 文件是 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè) DLL 文件，它是 Windows Firewall 的一部分，用于提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的安全性。
1、遍歷進(jìn)程
解密代碼后，首先會(huì)枚舉受感染系統(tǒng)上所有正在運(yùn)行的進(jìn)程以識別勒索軟件可以在其中注入shellcode的進(jìn)程,Magniber將解壓后的shellcode注入滿足以下條件的進(jìn)程
進(jìn)程名是否大于6字節(jié)
該進(jìn)程未在WoW64環(huán)境中運(yùn)行。WoW64 是 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，可以在 64 位 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)上執(zhí)行 32 位應(yīng)用程序
2、遠(yuǎn)程注入
注入過程如下所示：
NtOpenProcess：打開目標(biāo)進(jìn)程
NtAllocateVirtualMemory：在目標(biāo)進(jìn)程中為即將寫入的shellcode分配內(nèi)存空間
NtWriteVirtualMemory：將shellcode寫入分配的內(nèi)存區(qū)域。
NtProtectVirtualMemory：修改內(nèi)存保護(hù)屬性
NtCreateThreadEx：創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程線程，執(zhí)行shellcode
隨后將帶有勒索加密功能的shellcode注入到符合條件的進(jìn)程中（如：sihost.exe）RWX屬性的內(nèi)存中。但由于它使用系統(tǒng)調(diào)用，因而無法直接通過調(diào)試器監(jiān)控內(nèi)存寫入來跟蹤注入的shellcode。相反可以直接通過運(yùn)行msi程序，然后使用procexp等進(jìn)程監(jiān)視器掛起進(jìn)程然后dump寫入的shellcode。
通過查看該shellcode的字符串發(fā)現(xiàn)被混淆后的勒索信內(nèi)容
documents and settings/appdata/local settings/sample music/sample pictures/sample videos/tor browser/recycle/windows/boot/intel/msocache/perflogs/program files/programdata/recovery/system volume information/winnt/README.html
加密的文件后綴
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該樣本采用典型的 RSA+AES模式結(jié)合的加密算法對文件進(jìn)行加密，并且采用了多線程的方式加速加密過程，樣本加密的總體流程如下：
1) 遍歷文件和文件夾，判斷當(dāng)前要加密的文件后綴是否在黑名單中，如果在則進(jìn)行加密。
2) 隨機(jī)生成 AES 加密所需要的 Key 和 IV。
3) 使用 AES 加密算法對當(dāng)前文件進(jìn)行加密。
4) 使用使用 CryptoAPI通過內(nèi)置的 RSA 公鑰對 AES 的 Key 和 IV 進(jìn)行加密，它每次迭代加密大小相等的數(shù)據(jù)塊（1,048,576字節(jié)）
5) 將被加密的文件添加擴(kuò)展名 .mhkgchqs。
6) 加密操作完成后，在各個(gè)文件夾下創(chuàng)建 README.html 勒索信。
Sha256
MSI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07c8ab61570fe9ec86e168aa96c58fe24246b35db78241fe7c83928ed559b3f6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45.32.88.152
ATT&CK
1、避免打開可疑或來歷不明的郵件，尤其是其中的鏈接和附件等，如一定要打開未知文件，請先使用殺毒軟件進(jìn)行掃描查殺。
2、重要的數(shù)據(jù)最好雙機(jī)備份或云備份。
【深信服終端檢測響應(yīng)平臺EDR】
已支持查殺攔截此次事件使用的病毒文件，請更新軟件（如有定制請先咨詢售后再更新版本）和病毒庫至最新版本，并接入深信服安全云腦，及時(shí)查殺新威脅；
【深信服下一代防火墻AF】的安全防護(hù)規(guī)則更新至最新版本，接入深信服安全云腦，“云鑒” 服務(wù)即可輕松抵御此高危風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
【深信服安全感知管理平臺SIP】建議用戶及時(shí)更新規(guī)則庫，接入深信服安全云腦，并聯(lián)動(dòng)【深信服下一代防火墻AF】實(shí)現(xiàn)對高危風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的入侵防護(hù)。
【深信服安全托管服務(wù)MSS】以保障用戶網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全“持續(xù)有效”為目標(biāo)，通過將用戶安全設(shè)備接入安全運(yùn)營中心，依托于XDR安全能力平臺和MSSP安全服務(wù)平臺實(shí)現(xiàn)有效協(xié)同的“人機(jī)共智”模式，圍繞資產(chǎn)、脆弱性、威脅、事件四個(gè)要素為用戶提供7*24H的安全運(yùn)營服務(wù)，快速擴(kuò)展持續(xù)有效的安全運(yùn)營能力，保障可承諾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控效果。
